Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Relation with Periodontitis

Objective: To study the level of serum alkaline phosphatase in diabetic patients with periodantitis and compare to control group. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in Pathology Department Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan, from Jan. 2006 to June 2007. Subjects of type-2 diabetes mellitus having periodontitis (group A), diabetics without periodontitis (group B), non-diabetics with periodontitis (group C) and control subjects (non-diabetics and without periodontitis) were included. Patients of both sexes aged between 31 and 70 years were studied. Blood samples were analysed for fasting, post-prandial sugar and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Depth of periodontal pocket > 3mm was labeled as a patient suffering from periodontitis. A WHO recommended probe gently placed to the base of the pocket and the depth of insertion was read. At least six points on each tooth; mesio-buccal, mid-buccal and distobuccal and the corresponding lingual sites were measured. Patients with other diagnosed diseases affecting ALP levels were excluded. Results: No significant difference in fasting and post prandial blood sugar level in control and the non-diabetics with periodotitis. ALP showed significant rise in both diabetics and non-diabetics with periodantitis. ALP is raised slightly in diabetics without periodantitis but significantly with periodantitis (groups A & C), however, depth of pockets was very significantly more in patients with peridontitis compared to control and diabetics without periodontitis (group B). Conclusion: Periodontitis is a debilitating disease leading to significant rise in level of ALP in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as in non-diabetics.